[libcamera-devel] [PATCH v3 3/3] libcamera: camera: add state machine to control access from applications

Niklas Söderlund niklas.soderlund at ragnatech.se
Fri Mar 1 00:37:29 CET 2019


Hi Laurent,

Thanks for your feedback.

On 2019-02-28 23:39:47 +0200, Laurent Pinchart wrote:
> Hi Niklas,
> 
> Thank you for the patch.
> 
> On Thu, Feb 28, 2019 at 07:51:26PM +0100, Niklas Söderlund wrote:
> > There is a need to better control the order of operations an application
> > performs on a camera for it to function correctly. Add a basic state
> > machine to ensure applications perform operations on the camera in good
> > order.
> > 
> > Internal to the Camera states are added; Available, Acquired,
> > Configured, Prepared and Running. Each state represents a higher state
> > of configuration of the camera ultimately leading to the highest state
> > where the camera is capturing frames. Each state supports a subset of
> > operations the application may perform.
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Niklas Söderlund <niklas.soderlund at ragnatech.se>
> > ---
> >  include/libcamera/camera.h |  18 ++-
> >  src/libcamera/camera.cpp   | 266 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
> >  2 files changed, 238 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
> > 
> > diff --git a/include/libcamera/camera.h b/include/libcamera/camera.h
> > index 9c8ae01ed5c607f1..e5212cf05d221279 100644
> > --- a/include/libcamera/camera.h
> > +++ b/include/libcamera/camera.h
> > @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public:
> >  	Signal<Camera *> disconnected;
> >  
> >  	int acquire();
> > -	void release();
> > +	int release();
> >  
> >  	const std::set<Stream *> &streams() const;
> >  	std::map<Stream *, StreamConfiguration>
> > @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public:
> >  	int configureStreams(std::map<Stream *, StreamConfiguration> &config);
> >  
> >  	int allocateBuffers();
> > -	void freeBuffers();
> > +	int freeBuffers();
> >  
> >  	Request *createRequest();
> >  	int queueRequest(Request *request);
> > @@ -56,20 +56,30 @@ public:
> >  	int stop();
> >  
> >  private:
> > +	enum State {
> > +		CameraAvailable,
> > +		CameraAcquired,
> > +		CameraConfigured,
> > +		CameraPrepared,
> > +		CameraRunning,
> > +	};
> > +
> >  	Camera(PipelineHandler *pipe, const std::string &name);
> >  	~Camera();
> >  
> > +	bool stateBetween(State low, State high) const;
> > +	bool stateIs(State state) const;
> > +
> >  	friend class PipelineHandler;
> >  	void disconnect();
> > -	int exclusiveAccess();
> >  
> >  	std::shared_ptr<PipelineHandler> pipe_;
> >  	std::string name_;
> >  	std::set<Stream *> streams_;
> >  	std::set<Stream *> activeStreams_;
> >  
> > -	bool acquired_;
> >  	bool disconnected_;
> > +	State state_;
> >  };
> >  
> >  } /* namespace libcamera */
> > diff --git a/src/libcamera/camera.cpp b/src/libcamera/camera.cpp
> > index 84b97b5c2ce94ecf..0b06c0d838b356f3 100644
> > --- a/src/libcamera/camera.cpp
> > +++ b/src/libcamera/camera.cpp
> > @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
> >  
> >  #include "log.h"
> >  #include "pipeline_handler.h"
> > +#include "utils.h"
> >  
> >  /**
> >   * \file camera.h
> > @@ -42,6 +43,9 @@ LOG_DECLARE_CATEGORY(Camera)
> >   * \class Camera
> >   * \brief Camera device
> >   *
> > + * \todo Add documentation for camera start timings. What exactly does the
> > + * camera expect the pipeline handler to do when start() is called?
> > + *
> >   * The Camera class models a camera capable of producing one or more image
> >   * streams from a single image source. It provides the main interface to
> >   * configuring and controlling the device, and capturing image streams. It is
> > @@ -52,6 +56,78 @@ LOG_DECLARE_CATEGORY(Camera)
> >   * created with the create() function which returns a shared pointer. The
> >   * Camera constructors and destructor are private, to prevent instances from
> >   * being constructed and destroyed manually.
> > + *
> > + * \section camera_operation Operating the Camera
> > + *
> > + * An application needs to perform a sequence of operations on a camera before
> > + * it is ready to process requests. The camera needs to be acquired, configured
> > + * and resources allocated or imported to prepare the camera for capture. Once
> > + * started the camera can process requests until it is stopped. When an
> > + * application is done with a camera all resources allocated needs to be freed
> 
> s/needs/need/
> 
> > + * and the camera released.
> > + *
> > + * An application may start and stop a camera multiple times as long as it is
> > + * not released. The camera may also be reconfigured provided that all
> > + * resources allocated are freed prior to the reconfiguration.
> > + *
> > + * \subsection Camera States
> > + *
> > + * To help manage the sequence of operations needed to control the camera a set
> > + * of states are defined. Each state describes which operations may be performed
> > + * on the camera. Operations not listed in the state diagram are allowed in all
> > + * states.
> > + *
> > + * \dot
> > + * digraph camera_state_machine {
> > + *   node [shape = doublecircle ]; Available;
> > + *   node [shape = circle ]; Acquired;
> > + *   node [shape = circle ]; Configured;
> > + *   node [shape = circle ]; Prepared;
> > + *   node [shape = circle ]; Running;
> > + *
> > + *   Available -> Available [label = "release()"];
> > + *   Available -> Acquired [label = "acquire()"];
> > + *
> > + *   Acquired -> Available [label = "release()"];
> > + *   Acquired -> Configured [label = "configureStreams()"];
> > + *
> > + *   Configured -> Available [label = "release()"];
> > + *   Configured -> Configured [label = "configureStreams()"];
> > + *   Configured -> Prepared [label = "allocateBuffers()"];
> > + *
> > + *   Prepared -> Configured [label = "freeBuffers()"];
> > + *   Prepared -> Prepared [label = "createRequest()"];
> > + *   Prepared -> Running [label = "start()"];
> > + *
> > + *   Running -> Prepared [label = "stop()"];
> > + *   Running -> Running [label = "createRequest(), queueRequest()"];
> > + * }
> > + * \enddot
> > + *
> > + * \subsubsection Available
> > + * The base state of a camera, an application can inspect the properties of the
> > + * camera to determine if it wishes to use it. If an application wishes to use
> > + * a camera it should acquire() it to proceed to the Acquired state.
> > + *
> > + * \subsubsection Acquired
> > + * In the acquired state an application has exclusive access to the camera and
> > + * may modify the camera's parameters to configure it and proceed to the
> > + * Configured state.
> > + *
> > + * \subsubsection Configured
> > + * The camera is configured and ready for the application to prepare it with
> > + * resources. The camera may be reconfigured multiple times until resources
> > + * are provided and the state progresses to Prepared.
> > + *
> > + * \subsubsection Prepared
> > + * The camera has been configured and provided with resources and is ready to be
> > + * started. The application may free the camera's resources to get back to the
> > + * Configured state or start it to progress to the Running state.
> 
> s/start/start()/
> 
> > + *
> > + * \subsubsection Running
> > + * The camera is running and ready to process requests queued by the
> > + * application. The camera remains in this state until it is stopped and moved
> > + * to the Prepared state.
> >   */
> >  
> >  /**
> > @@ -116,17 +192,55 @@ const std::string &Camera::name() const
> >   */
> >  
> >  Camera::Camera(PipelineHandler *pipe, const std::string &name)
> > -	: pipe_(pipe->shared_from_this()), name_(name), acquired_(false),
> > -	  disconnected_(false)
> > +	: pipe_(pipe->shared_from_this()), name_(name), disconnected_(false),
> > +	  state_(CameraAvailable)
> >  {
> >  }
> >  
> >  Camera::~Camera()
> >  {
> > -	if (acquired_)
> > +	if (!stateIs(CameraAvailable))
> >  		LOG(Camera, Error) << "Removing camera while still in use";
> >  }
> >  
> > +static const char *const camera_state_name[] = {
> 
> Maybe camera_state_names ?
> 
> > +	"Available",
> > +	"Acquired",
> > +	"Configured",
> > +	"Prepared",
> > +	"Running",
> > +};
> > +
> > +bool Camera::stateBetween(State low, State high) const
> > +{
> > +	if (state_ >= low && state_ <= high)
> > +		return true;
> > +
> > +	ASSERT(static_cast<unsigned int>(low) < ARRAY_SIZE(camera_state_name) &&
> > +	       static_cast<unsigned int>(high) < ARRAY_SIZE(camera_state_name));
> > +
> > +	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Camera in " << camera_state_name[state_]
> > +			   << " state trying operation requiring state between "
> > +			   << camera_state_name[low] << " and "
> > +			   << camera_state_name[high];
> > +
> > +	return false;
> > +}
> > +
> > +bool Camera::stateIs(State state) const
> > +{
> > +	if (state_ == state)
> > +		return true;
> > +
> > +	ASSERT(static_cast<unsigned int>(state) < ARRAY_SIZE(camera_state_name));
> > +
> > +	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Camera in " << camera_state_name[state_]
> > +			   << " state trying operation requiring state "
> > +			   << camera_state_name[state];
> > +
> > +	return false;
> > +}
> > +
> >  /**
> >   * \brief Notify camera disconnection
> >   *
> > @@ -135,11 +249,24 @@ Camera::~Camera()
> >   * instance notifies the application by emitting the #disconnected signal, and
> >   * ensures that all new calls to the application-facing Camera API return an
> >   * error immediately.
> > + *
> > + * \todo: Deal with pending requests if the camera is disconnected in a
> > + * running state.
> > + * \todo: Update comment about Running state when importing buffers as well as
> > + * allocating them are supported.
> 
> No need for colons after any of the \todo tags.
> 
> >   */
> >  void Camera::disconnect()
> >  {
> >  	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Disconnecting camera " << name_;
> >  
> > +	/*
> > +	 * If the camera was running when the hardware was removed force the
> > +	 * state to Prepared to allow applications to call freeBuffers() and
> > +	 * release() before deleting the camera.
> > +	 */
> > +	if (state_ == CameraRunning)
> > +		state_ = CameraPrepared;
> > +
> >  	disconnected_ = true;
> >  	disconnected.emit(this);
> >  }
> > @@ -155,16 +282,24 @@ void Camera::disconnect()
> >   * Once exclusive access isn't needed anymore, the device should be released
> >   * with a call to the release() function.
> >   *
> > + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> 
> s/effects/affects/ (through the whole file)
> 
> > + *
> >   * \todo Implement exclusive access across processes.
> >   *
> >   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> > + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> > + * \retval -EBUSY The camera is not free and can't be acquired by the caller
> >   */
> >  int Camera::acquire()
> >  {
> > -	if (acquired_)
> > +	if (disconnected_)
> > +		return -ENODEV;
> > +
> > +	if (!stateIs(CameraAvailable))
> >  		return -EBUSY;
> >  
> > -	acquired_ = true;
> > +	state_ = CameraAcquired;
> > +
> >  	return 0;
> >  }
> >  
> > @@ -173,10 +308,20 @@ int Camera::acquire()
> >   *
> >   * Releasing the camera device allows other users to acquire exclusive access
> >   * with the acquire() function.
> > + *
> > + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> > + *
> > + * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> > + * \retval -EBUSY The camera is running and can't be released
> >   */
> > -void Camera::release()
> > +int Camera::release()
> >  {
> > -	acquired_ = false;
> > +	if (!stateBetween(CameraAvailable, CameraConfigured))
> > +		return -EBUSY;
> > +
> > +	state_ = CameraAvailable;
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> >  }
> >  
> >  /**
> > @@ -235,18 +380,22 @@ Camera::streamConfiguration(std::set<Stream *> &streams)
> >   * Exclusive access to the camera shall be ensured by a call to acquire() prior
> >   * to calling this function, otherwise an -EACCES error will be returned.
> >   *
> > + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> > + *
> >   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> > - * \retval -ENODEV The camera is not connected to any hardware
> > - * \retval -EACCES The user has not acquired exclusive access to the camera
> > + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> > + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not in a state where it can be configured
> >   * \retval -EINVAL The configuration is not valid
> >   */
> >  int Camera::configureStreams(std::map<Stream *, StreamConfiguration> &config)
> >  {
> >  	int ret;
> >  
> > -	ret = exclusiveAccess();
> > -	if (ret)
> > -		return ret;
> > +	if (disconnected_)
> > +		return -ENODEV;
> > +
> > +	if (!stateBetween(CameraAvailable, CameraConfigured))
> > +		return -EACCES;
> >  
> >  	if (!config.size()) {
> >  		LOG(Camera, Error)
> > @@ -273,20 +422,28 @@ int Camera::configureStreams(std::map<Stream *, StreamConfiguration> &config)
> >  		stream->bufferPool().createBuffers(cfg.bufferCount);
> >  	}
> >  
> > +	state_ = CameraConfigured;
> > +
> >  	return 0;
> >  }
> >  
> >  /**
> >   * \brief Allocate buffers for all configured streams
> > + *
> > + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> > + *
> >   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> > + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> > + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not in a state where buffers can be allocated
> > + * \retval -EINVAL The configuration is not valid
> >   */
> >  int Camera::allocateBuffers()
> >  {
> > -	int ret;
> > +	if (disconnected_)
> > +		return -ENODEV;
> >  
> > -	ret = exclusiveAccess();
> > -	if (ret)
> > -		return ret;
> > +	if (!stateIs(CameraConfigured))
> > +		return -EACCES;
> >  
> >  	if (activeStreams_.empty()) {
> >  		LOG(Camera, Error)
> > @@ -295,7 +452,7 @@ int Camera::allocateBuffers()
> >  	}
> >  
> >  	for (Stream *stream : activeStreams_) {
> > -		ret = pipe_->allocateBuffers(this, stream);
> > +		int ret = pipe_->allocateBuffers(this, stream);
> >  		if (ret) {
> >  			LOG(Camera, Error) << "Failed to allocate buffers";
> >  			freeBuffers();
> > @@ -303,14 +460,24 @@ int Camera::allocateBuffers()
> >  		}
> >  	}
> >  
> > +	state_ = CameraPrepared;
> > +
> >  	return 0;
> >  }
> >  
> >  /**
> >   * \brief Release all buffers from allocated pools in each stream
> > + *
> > + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> > + *
> > + * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> > + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not in a state where buffers can be freed
> >   */
> > -void Camera::freeBuffers()
> > +int Camera::freeBuffers()
> >  {
> > +	if (!stateIs(CameraPrepared))
> > +		return -EACCES;
> > +
> >  	for (Stream *stream : activeStreams_) {
> >  		if (!stream->bufferPool().count())
> >  			continue;
> > @@ -318,6 +485,10 @@ void Camera::freeBuffers()
> >  		pipe_->freeBuffers(this, stream);
> >  		stream->bufferPool().destroyBuffers();
> >  	}
> > +
> > +	state_ = CameraConfigured;
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> >  }
> >  
> >  /**
> > @@ -333,7 +504,7 @@ void Camera::freeBuffers()
> >   */
> >  Request *Camera::createRequest()
> 
> Should you update the documentation of this function ?
> 
> Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart at ideasonboard.com>

Thanks, I have addressed all your comments, collected your tag and 
pushed. Thanks for all your hard work reviewing, especially the 
documentation bits.

> 
> >  {
> > -	if (exclusiveAccess())
> > +	if (disconnected_ || !stateBetween(CameraPrepared, CameraRunning))
> >  		return nullptr;
> >  
> >  	return new Request(this);
> > @@ -351,16 +522,18 @@ Request *Camera::createRequest()
> >   * automatically after it completes.
> >   *
> >   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> > + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> > + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not running so requests can't be queued
> >   */
> >  int Camera::queueRequest(Request *request)
> >  {
> > -	int ret;
> > +	if (disconnected_)
> > +		return -ENODEV;
> >  
> > -	ret = exclusiveAccess();
> > -	if (ret)
> > -		return ret;
> > +	if (!stateIs(CameraRunning))
> > +		return -EACCES;
> >  
> > -	ret = request->prepare();
> > +	int ret = request->prepare();
> >  	if (ret) {
> >  		LOG(Camera, Error) << "Failed to prepare request";
> >  		return ret;
> > @@ -376,17 +549,29 @@ int Camera::queueRequest(Request *request)
> >   * can queue requests to the camera to process and return to the application
> >   * until the capture session is terminated with \a stop().
> >   *
> > + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> > + *
> >   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> > + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> > + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not in a state where it can be started
> >   */
> >  int Camera::start()
> >  {
> > -	int ret = exclusiveAccess();
> > -	if (ret)
> > -		return ret;
> > +	if (disconnected_)
> > +		return -ENODEV;
> > +
> > +	if (!stateIs(CameraPrepared))
> > +		return -EACCES;
> >  
> >  	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Starting capture";
> >  
> > -	return pipe_->start(this);
> > +	int ret = pipe_->start(this);
> > +	if (ret)
> > +		return ret;
> > +
> > +	state_ = CameraRunning;
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> >  }
> >  
> >  /**
> > @@ -395,30 +580,27 @@ int Camera::start()
> >   * This method stops capturing and processing requests immediately. All pending
> >   * requests are cancelled and complete synchronously in an error state.
> >   *
> > + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> > + *
> >   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> > + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> > + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not running so can't be stopped
> >   */
> >  int Camera::stop()
> >  {
> > -	int ret = exclusiveAccess();
> > -	if (ret)
> > -		return ret;
> > +	if (disconnected_)
> > +		return -ENODEV;
> > +
> > +	if (!stateIs(CameraRunning))
> > +		return -EACCES;
> >  
> >  	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Stopping capture";
> >  
> > +	state_ = CameraPrepared;
> > +
> >  	pipe_->stop(this);
> >  
> >  	return 0;
> >  }
> >  
> > -int Camera::exclusiveAccess()
> > -{
> > -	if (disconnected_)
> > -		return -ENODEV;
> > -
> > -	if (!acquired_)
> > -		return -EACCES;
> > -
> > -	return 0;
> > -}
> > -
> >  } /* namespace libcamera */
> 
> -- 
> Regards,
> 
> Laurent Pinchart

-- 
Regards,
Niklas Söderlund


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