[PATCH v3 19/23] libcamera: software_isp: Move color handling to an algorithm module

Dan Scally dan.scally at ideasonboard.com
Tue Aug 13 12:54:03 CEST 2024


Hi Milan

On 17/07/2024 09:54, Milan Zamazal wrote:
> After black level handling has been moved to an algorithm module, white
> balance and the construction of color tables can be moved to an
> algorithm module too.  This time, the moved code is split between stats
> processing and parameter construction methods.
>
> This is the only part of the software ISP algorithms that sets the
> parameters so emitting setIspParams can be moved to prepare() method.
>
> A more natural representation of the gains (and black level) would be
> floating point numbers.  This is not done here in order to minimize
> changes in code movements.  It will be addressed in a followup patch.
>
> Signed-off-by: Milan Zamazal <mzamazal at redhat.com>
> ---
>   src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.cpp  | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.h    |  46 ++++++++++
>   src/ipa/simple/algorithms/meson.build |   1 +
>   src/ipa/simple/data/uncalibrated.yaml |   1 +
>   src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.cpp        |  30 +++++++
>   src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.h          |  12 +++
>   src/ipa/simple/soft_simple.cpp        |  66 +-------------
>   7 files changed, 215 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)
>   create mode 100644 src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.cpp
>   create mode 100644 src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.h
>
> diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.cpp b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.cpp
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000..60fdca15
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.cpp
> @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2024, Red Hat Inc.
> + *
> + * Color gains (AWB + gamma)
> + */
> +
> +#include "colors.h"
> +
> +#include <algorithm>
> +#include <cmath>
> +#include <numeric>
> +#include <stdint.h>
> +
> +#include <libcamera/base/log.h>
> +
> +#include "simple/ipa_context.h"
> +
> +namespace libcamera {
> +
> +LOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(IPASoftColors)
> +
> +namespace ipa::soft::algorithms {
> +
> +static constexpr unsigned int kGammaLookupSize = 1024;
> +
> +Colors::Colors()
> +{
> +}
> +
> +int Colors::init(IPAContext &context,
> +		 [[maybe_unused]] const YamlObject &tuningData)
> +{
> +	/* Gamma value is fixed */
> +	context.configuration.gamma = 0.5;
> +	updateGammaTable(context);
> +
> +	auto &gains = context.activeState.gains;
> +	gains.red = gains.green = gains.blue = 256;
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}


I think my preference would be to split this into "Gamma" and "Awb" algorithms...it adds boilerplate 
of course, but having the separation makes them much easier to understand in my opinion.

> +
> +void Colors::updateGammaTable(IPAContext &context)
> +{
> +	auto &gammaTable = context.activeState.gamma.gammaTable;
> +	auto &blackLevel = context.activeState.gamma.blackLevel;
> +	blackLevel = context.activeState.black.level;
double assignment
> +	const unsigned int blackIndex =
> +		blackLevel * IPAActiveState::kGammaLookupSize / 256;
> +	std::fill(gammaTable.begin(), gammaTable.begin() + blackIndex, 0);
> +	const float divisor = kGammaLookupSize - blackIndex - 1.0;
> +	for (unsigned int i = blackIndex; i < kGammaLookupSize; i++)
> +		gammaTable[i] = UINT8_MAX * powf((i - blackIndex) / divisor,
> +						 context.configuration.gamma);
> +}
> +
> +void Colors::prepare(IPAContext &context,
> +		     [[maybe_unused]] const uint32_t frame,
> +		     [[maybe_unused]] IPAFrameContext &frameContext,
> +		     DebayerParams *params)
> +{
> +	/* Update the gamma table if needed */
> +	if (context.activeState.gamma.blackLevel != context.activeState.black.level)
Is it worth adding some tolerance with abs_diff()? In my experience values are almost never exactly 
the same frame-to-frame.
> +		updateGammaTable(context);
> +
> +	auto &gains = context.activeState.gains;
> +	auto &gammaTable = context.activeState.gamma.gammaTable;
> +	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < DebayerParams::kRGBLookupSize; i++) {
> +		constexpr unsigned int div =
> +			static_cast<double>(DebayerParams::kRGBLookupSize) * 256 / kGammaLookupSize;
> +		/* Apply gamma after gain! */
> +		unsigned int idx;
> +		idx = std::min({ i * gains.red / div, kGammaLookupSize - 1 });
> +		params->red[i] = gammaTable[idx];
> +		idx = std::min({ i * gains.green / div, kGammaLookupSize - 1 });
> +		params->green[i] = gammaTable[idx];
> +		idx = std::min({ i * gains.blue / div, kGammaLookupSize - 1 });
> +		params->blue[i] = gammaTable[idx];
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +void Colors::process(IPAContext &context,
> +		     [[maybe_unused]] const uint32_t frame,
> +		     [[maybe_unused]] IPAFrameContext &frameContext,
> +		     const SwIspStats *stats,
> +		     [[maybe_unused]] ControlList &metadata)
> +{
> +	const SwIspStats::Histogram &histogram = stats->yHistogram;
> +	const uint8_t blackLevel = context.activeState.black.level;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Black level must be subtracted to get the correct AWB ratios, they
> +	 * would be off if they were computed from the whole brightness range
> +	 * rather than from the sensor range.
> +	 */
> +	const uint64_t nPixels = std::accumulate(
> +		histogram.begin(), histogram.end(), 0);
> +	const uint64_t offset = blackLevel * nPixels;
> +	const uint64_t sumR = stats->sumR_ - offset / 4;
> +	const uint64_t sumG = stats->sumG_ - offset / 2;
> +	const uint64_t sumB = stats->sumB_ - offset / 4;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Calculate red and blue gains for AWB.
> +	 * Clamp max gain at 4.0, this also avoids 0 division.
> +	 * Gain: 128 = 0.5, 256 = 1.0, 512 = 2.0, etc.
> +	 */
> +	auto &gains = context.activeState.gains;
> +	gains.red = sumR <= sumG / 4 ? 1024 : 256 * sumG / sumR;
> +	gains.blue = sumB <= sumG / 4 ? 1024 : 256 * sumG / sumB;
> +	/* Green gain is fixed to 256 */
> +
> +	LOG(IPASoftColors, Debug) << "gain R/B " << gains.red << "/" << gains.blue;
> +}
> +
> +REGISTER_IPA_ALGORITHM(Colors, "Colors")
> +
> +} /* namespace ipa::soft::algorithms */
> +
> +} /* namespace libcamera */
> diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.h b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000..2c2f7752
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/colors.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2024, Red Hat Inc.
> + *
> + * Color gains (AWB + gamma)
> + */
> +
> +#pragma once
> +
> +#include <libcamera/controls.h>
> +
> +#include "libcamera/internal/software_isp/debayer_params.h"
> +#include "libcamera/internal/software_isp/swisp_stats.h"
> +
> +#include "algorithm.h"
> +#include "ipa_context.h"
> +
> +namespace libcamera {
> +
> +namespace ipa::soft::algorithms {
> +
> +class Colors : public Algorithm
> +{
> +public:
> +	Colors();
> +	~Colors() = default;
> +
> +	int init(IPAContext &context, const YamlObject &tuningData)
> +		override;
> +	void prepare(IPAContext &context,
> +		     const uint32_t frame,
> +		     IPAFrameContext &frameContext,
> +		     DebayerParams *params) override;
> +	void process(IPAContext &context,
> +		     const uint32_t frame,
> +		     IPAFrameContext &frameContext,
> +		     const SwIspStats *stats,
> +		     ControlList &metadata) override;
> +
> +private:
> +	void updateGammaTable(IPAContext &context);
> +};
> +
> +} /* namespace ipa::soft::algorithms */
> +
> +} /* namespace libcamera */
> diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/meson.build b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/meson.build
> index 1f63c220..324c7b4e 100644
> --- a/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/meson.build
> +++ b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/meson.build
> @@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
>   
>   soft_simple_ipa_algorithms = files([
>       'blc.cpp',
> +    'colors.cpp',
>   ])
> diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/data/uncalibrated.yaml b/src/ipa/simple/data/uncalibrated.yaml
> index e0d03d96..7e5149e5 100644
> --- a/src/ipa/simple/data/uncalibrated.yaml
> +++ b/src/ipa/simple/data/uncalibrated.yaml
> @@ -4,4 +4,5 @@
>   version: 1
>   algorithms:
>     - BlackLevel:
> +  - Colors:
>   ...
> diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.cpp b/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.cpp
> index 268cff32..5fa492cb 100644
> --- a/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.cpp
> +++ b/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.cpp
> @@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ namespace libcamera::ipa::soft {
>    * \brief The current state of IPA algorithms
>    */
>   
> +/**
> + * \var IPASessionConfiguration::gamma
> + * \brief Gamma value to be used in the raw image processing
> + */
> +
>   /**
>    * \var IPAActiveState::black
>    * \brief Context for the Black Level algorithm
> @@ -58,4 +63,29 @@ namespace libcamera::ipa::soft {
>    * \brief Current determined black level
>    */
>   
> +/**
> + * \var IPAActiveState::gains
> + * \brief Context for gains in the Colors algorithm
> + *
> + * \var IPAActiveState::gains.red
> + * \brief Gain of red color
> + *
> + * \var IPAActiveState::gains.green
> + * \brief Gain of green color
> + *
> + * \var IPAActiveState::gains.blue
> + * \brief Gain of blue color
> + */
> +
> +/**
> + * \var IPAActiveState::gamma
> + * \brief Context for gamma in the Colors algorithm
> + *
> + * \var IPAActiveState::gamma.gammaTable
> + * \brief Computed gamma table
> + *
> + * \var IPAActiveState::gamma.blackLevel
> + * \brief Black level used for the gamma table computation
> + */
> +
>   } /* namespace libcamera::ipa::soft */
> diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.h b/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.h
> index ed07dbb8..979ddb8f 100644
> --- a/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.h
> +++ b/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.h
> @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
>   
>   #pragma once
>   
> +#include <array>
>   #include <stdint.h>
>   
>   #include <libipa/fc_queue.h>
> @@ -17,12 +18,23 @@ namespace libcamera {
>   namespace ipa::soft {
>   
>   struct IPASessionConfiguration {
> +	float gamma;
>   };
>   
>   struct IPAActiveState {
>   	struct {
>   		uint8_t level;
>   	} black;
> +	struct {
> +		unsigned int red;
> +		unsigned int green;
> +		unsigned int blue;
> +	} gains;
> +	static constexpr unsigned int kGammaLookupSize = 1024;
> +	struct {
> +		std::array<double, kGammaLookupSize> gammaTable;
> +		uint8_t blackLevel;
> +	} gamma;
>   };
>   
>   struct IPAFrameContext : public FrameContext {
> diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/soft_simple.cpp b/src/ipa/simple/soft_simple.cpp
> index 2fb3a473..2658e359 100644
> --- a/src/ipa/simple/soft_simple.cpp
> +++ b/src/ipa/simple/soft_simple.cpp
> @@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
>    * Simple Software Image Processing Algorithm module
>    */
>   
> -#include <cmath>
> -#include <numeric>
>   #include <stdint.h>
>   #include <sys/mman.h>
>   
> @@ -92,9 +90,6 @@ private:
>   	std::unique_ptr<CameraSensorHelper> camHelper_;
>   	ControlInfoMap sensorInfoMap_;
>   
> -	static constexpr unsigned int kGammaLookupSize = 1024;
> -	std::array<uint8_t, kGammaLookupSize> gammaTable_;
> -	int lastBlackLevel_ = -1;
>   	/* Local parameter storage */
>   	struct IPAContext context_;
>   
> @@ -282,6 +277,7 @@ void IPASoftSimple::prepare(const uint32_t frame)
>   	IPAFrameContext &frameContext = context_.frameContexts.get(frame);
>   	for (auto const &algo : algorithms())
>   		algo->prepare(context_, frame, frameContext, params_);
> +	setIspParams.emit();
>   }
>   
>   void IPASoftSimple::processStats(
> @@ -300,62 +296,6 @@ void IPASoftSimple::processStats(
>   	for (auto const &algo : algorithms())
>   		algo->process(context_, frame, frameContext, stats_, metadata);
>   
> -	SwIspStats::Histogram histogram = stats_->yHistogram;
> -	const uint8_t blackLevel = context_.activeState.black.level;
> -
> -	/*
> -	 * Black level must be subtracted to get the correct AWB ratios, they
> -	 * would be off if they were computed from the whole brightness range
> -	 * rather than from the sensor range.
> -	 */
> -	const uint64_t nPixels = std::accumulate(
> -		histogram.begin(), histogram.end(), 0);
> -	const uint64_t offset = blackLevel * nPixels;
> -	const uint64_t sumR = stats_->sumR_ - offset / 4;
> -	const uint64_t sumG = stats_->sumG_ - offset / 2;
> -	const uint64_t sumB = stats_->sumB_ - offset / 4;
> -
> -	/*
> -	 * Calculate red and blue gains for AWB.
> -	 * Clamp max gain at 4.0, this also avoids 0 division.
> -	 * Gain: 128 = 0.5, 256 = 1.0, 512 = 2.0, etc.
> -	 */
> -	const unsigned int gainR = sumR <= sumG / 4 ? 1024 : 256 * sumG / sumR;
> -	const unsigned int gainB = sumB <= sumG / 4 ? 1024 : 256 * sumG / sumB;
> -	/* Green gain and gamma values are fixed */
> -	constexpr unsigned int gainG = 256;
> -
> -	/* Update the gamma table if needed */
> -	if (blackLevel != lastBlackLevel_) {
> -		constexpr float gamma = 0.5;
> -		const unsigned int blackIndex = blackLevel * kGammaLookupSize / 256;
> -		std::fill(gammaTable_.begin(), gammaTable_.begin() + blackIndex, 0);
> -		const float divisor = kGammaLookupSize - blackIndex - 1.0;
> -		for (unsigned int i = blackIndex; i < kGammaLookupSize; i++)
> -			gammaTable_[i] = UINT8_MAX *
> -					 std::pow((i - blackIndex) / divisor, gamma);
> -
> -		lastBlackLevel_ = blackLevel;
> -	}
> -
> -	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < DebayerParams::kRGBLookupSize; i++) {
> -		constexpr unsigned int div =
> -			DebayerParams::kRGBLookupSize * 256 / kGammaLookupSize;
> -		unsigned int idx;
> -
> -		/* Apply gamma after gain! */
> -		idx = std::min({ i * gainR / div, (kGammaLookupSize - 1) });
> -		params_->red[i] = gammaTable_[idx];
> -
> -		idx = std::min({ i * gainG / div, (kGammaLookupSize - 1) });
> -		params_->green[i] = gammaTable_[idx];
> -
> -		idx = std::min({ i * gainB / div, (kGammaLookupSize - 1) });
> -		params_->blue[i] = gammaTable_[idx];
> -	}
> -
> -	setIspParams.emit();
> -
>   	/* \todo Switch to the libipa/algorithm.h API someday. */
>   
>   	/*
> @@ -372,6 +312,7 @@ void IPASoftSimple::processStats(
>   	 * Calculate Mean Sample Value (MSV) according to formula from:
>   	 * https://www.araa.asn.au/acra/acra2007/papers/paper84final.pdf
>   	 */
> +	const uint8_t blackLevel = context_.activeState.black.level;
>   	const unsigned int blackLevelHistIdx =
>   		blackLevel / (256 / SwIspStats::kYHistogramSize);
>   	const unsigned int histogramSize =
> @@ -421,7 +362,8 @@ void IPASoftSimple::processStats(
>   
>   	LOG(IPASoft, Debug) << "exposureMSV " << exposureMSV
>   			    << " exp " << exposure_ << " again " << again_
> -			    << " gain R/B " << gainR << "/" << gainB
> +			    << " gain R/B " << context_.activeState.gains.red
> +			    << "/" << context_.activeState.gains.blue
>   			    << " black level " << static_cast<unsigned int>(blackLevel);
>   }
>   


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