[RFC PATCH v2] libcamera: process: Remove `ProcessManager` singleton

Barnabás Pőcze pobrn at protonmail.com
Wed Jan 22 09:53:26 CET 2025


2025. január 22., szerda 0:51 keltezéssel, Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart at ideasonboard.com> írta:

> Hi Barnabás,
> 
> Thank you for the patch.
> 
> On Tue, Jan 21, 2025 at 06:57:44PM +0000, Barnabás Pőcze wrote:
> > The `ProcessManager` is a singleton class to handle `SIGCHLD` signals
> > and report the exit status to the particular `Process` instances.
> >
> > However, having a singleton in a library is not favourable and it is
> > even less favourable if it installs a signal handler.
> >
> > Using pidfd it is possible to avoid the need for the signal handler;
> > and the `Process` objects can watch their pidfd themselves, eliminating
> > the need for the `ProcessManager` class altogether.
> 
> This patch does a few other things: it replaces vector arguments to
> start() with spans, and make the closeAllFdsExcept() member function
> global. Splitting it in separate patches will make it easier to review.
> 
> Additionally, usage of clone3() allows dropping the unshare() call, and
> that would be useful to mention in the commit message to facilitate
> reviews.
> 
> > `clone3()` was introduced in Linux 5.3, so this change raises the
> > minimum supported kernel version.
> 
> You should update the kernel_version_req variable in the main
> meson.build file.

Sorry, yes, I know it is far from perfect, I just wanted to see if this approach
is acceptable (with the kernel version requirement increase, etc.) before I
spend more time on this.


Regards,
Barnabás Pőcze


> 
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Barnabás Pőcze <pobrn at protonmail.com>
> > ---
> >  include/libcamera/internal/camera_manager.h |   1 -
> >  include/libcamera/internal/process.h        |  39 +--
> >  src/libcamera/process.cpp                   | 315 ++++++--------------
> >  test/ipc/unixsocket_ipc.cpp                 |   2 -
> >  test/log/log_process.cpp                    |   2 -
> >  test/process/process_test.cpp               |   2 -
> >  6 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 270 deletions(-)
> 
> Very nice simplification overall :-)
> 
> >
> > diff --git a/include/libcamera/internal/camera_manager.h b/include/libcamera/internal/camera_manager.h
> > index 0150ca61f..5dfbe1f65 100644
> > --- a/include/libcamera/internal/camera_manager.h
> > +++ b/include/libcamera/internal/camera_manager.h
> > @@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ private:
> >  	std::unique_ptr<DeviceEnumerator> enumerator_;
> >
> >  	std::unique_ptr<IPAManager> ipaManager_;
> > -	ProcessManager processManager_;
> >  };
> >
> >  } /* namespace libcamera */
> > diff --git a/include/libcamera/internal/process.h b/include/libcamera/internal/process.h
> > index b1d07a5a5..9d476f3bf 100644
> > --- a/include/libcamera/internal/process.h
> > +++ b/include/libcamera/internal/process.h
> > @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
> >  #include <vector>
> >
> >  #include <libcamera/base/signal.h>
> > +#include <libcamera/base/span.h>
> >  #include <libcamera/base/unique_fd.h>
> >
> >  namespace libcamera {
> > @@ -31,8 +32,8 @@ public:
> >  	~Process();
> >
> >  	int start(const std::string &path,
> > -		  const std::vector<std::string> &args = std::vector<std::string>(),
> > -		  const std::vector<int> &fds = std::vector<int>());
> > +		  Span<const std::string> args = {},
> > +		  Span<const int> fds = {});
> >
> >  	ExitStatus exitStatus() const { return exitStatus_; }
> >  	int exitCode() const { return exitCode_; }
> > @@ -42,43 +43,13 @@ public:
> >  	Signal<enum ExitStatus, int> finished;
> >
> >  private:
> > -	void closeAllFdsExcept(const std::vector<int> &fds);
> > -	int isolate();
> > -	void died(int wstatus);
> > -
> >  	pid_t pid_;
> >  	bool running_;
> >  	enum ExitStatus exitStatus_;
> >  	int exitCode_;
> >
> > -	friend class ProcessManager;
> > -};
> > -
> > -class ProcessManager
> > -{
> > -public:
> > -	ProcessManager();
> > -	~ProcessManager();
> > -
> > -	void registerProcess(Process *proc);
> > -
> > -	static ProcessManager *instance();
> > -
> > -	int writePipe() const;
> > -
> > -	const struct sigaction &oldsa() const;
> > -
> > -private:
> > -	static ProcessManager *self_;
> > -
> > -	void sighandler();
> > -
> > -	std::list<Process *> processes_;
> > -
> > -	struct sigaction oldsa_;
> > -
> > -	EventNotifier *sigEvent_;
> > -	UniqueFD pipe_[2];
> > +	UniqueFD pidfd_;
> > +	std::unique_ptr<EventNotifier> pidfdNotify_;
> >  };
> >
> >  } /* namespace libcamera */
> > diff --git a/src/libcamera/process.cpp b/src/libcamera/process.cpp
> > index bc9833f41..2b059ed92 100644
> > --- a/src/libcamera/process.cpp
> > +++ b/src/libcamera/process.cpp
> > @@ -19,6 +19,11 @@
> >  #include <unistd.h>
> >  #include <vector>
> >
> > +#include <linux/sched.h>
> > +#include <sched.h>
> > +#include <sys/syscall.h>
> > +#include <unistd.h>
> 
> Those headers should be added to the previous group of headers. You're
> duplicating unistd.h here.
> 
> > +
> >  #include <libcamera/base/event_notifier.h>
> >  #include <libcamera/base/log.h>
> >  #include <libcamera/base/utils.h>
> > @@ -32,162 +37,6 @@ namespace libcamera {
> >
> >  LOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(Process)
> >
> > -/**
> > - * \class ProcessManager
> > - * \brief Manager of processes
> > - *
> > - * The ProcessManager singleton keeps track of all created Process instances,
> > - * and manages the signal handling involved in terminating processes.
> > - */
> > -
> > -namespace {
> > -
> > -void sigact(int signal, siginfo_t *info, void *ucontext)
> > -{
> > -#pragma GCC diagnostic push
> > -#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-result"
> > -	/*
> > -	 * We're in a signal handler so we can't log any message, and we need
> > -	 * to continue anyway.
> > -	 */
> > -	char data = 0;
> > -	write(ProcessManager::instance()->writePipe(), &data, sizeof(data));
> > -#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
> > -
> > -	const struct sigaction &oldsa = ProcessManager::instance()->oldsa();
> > -	if (oldsa.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO) {
> > -		oldsa.sa_sigaction(signal, info, ucontext);
> > -	} else {
> > -		if (oldsa.sa_handler != SIG_IGN && oldsa.sa_handler != SIG_DFL)
> > -			oldsa.sa_handler(signal);
> > -	}
> > -}
> > -
> > -} /* namespace */
> > -
> > -void ProcessManager::sighandler()
> > -{
> > -	char data;
> > -	ssize_t ret = read(pipe_[0].get(), &data, sizeof(data));
> > -	if (ret < 0) {
> > -		LOG(Process, Error)
> > -			<< "Failed to read byte from signal handler pipe";
> > -		return;
> > -	}
> > -
> > -	for (auto it = processes_.begin(); it != processes_.end(); ) {
> > -		Process *process = *it;
> > -
> > -		int wstatus;
> > -		pid_t pid = waitpid(process->pid_, &wstatus, WNOHANG);
> > -		if (process->pid_ != pid) {
> > -			++it;
> > -			continue;
> > -		}
> > -
> > -		it = processes_.erase(it);
> > -		process->died(wstatus);
> > -	}
> > -}
> > -
> > -/**
> > - * \brief Register process with process manager
> > - * \param[in] proc Process to register
> > - *
> > - * This function registers the \a proc with the process manager. It
> > - * shall be called by the parent process after successfully forking, in
> > - * order to let the parent signal process termination.
> > - */
> > -void ProcessManager::registerProcess(Process *proc)
> > -{
> > -	processes_.push_back(proc);
> > -}
> > -
> > -ProcessManager *ProcessManager::self_ = nullptr;
> > -
> > -/**
> > - * \brief Construct a ProcessManager instance
> > - *
> > - * The ProcessManager class is meant to only be instantiated once, by the
> > - * CameraManager.
> > - */
> > -ProcessManager::ProcessManager()
> > -{
> > -	if (self_)
> > -		LOG(Process, Fatal)
> > -			<< "Multiple ProcessManager objects are not allowed";
> > -
> > -	sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, &oldsa_);
> > -
> > -	struct sigaction sa;
> > -	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
> > -	sa.sa_sigaction = &sigact;
> > -	memcpy(&sa.sa_mask, &oldsa_.sa_mask, sizeof(sa.sa_mask));
> > -	sigaddset(&sa.sa_mask, SIGCHLD);
> > -	sa.sa_flags = oldsa_.sa_flags | SA_SIGINFO;
> > -
> > -	sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
> > -
> > -	int pipe[2];
> > -	if (pipe2(pipe, O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECT | O_NONBLOCK))
> > -		LOG(Process, Fatal)
> > -			<< "Failed to initialize pipe for signal handling";
> > -
> > -	pipe_[0] = UniqueFD(pipe[0]);
> > -	pipe_[1] = UniqueFD(pipe[1]);
> > -
> > -	sigEvent_ = new EventNotifier(pipe_[0].get(), EventNotifier::Read);
> > -	sigEvent_->activated.connect(this, &ProcessManager::sighandler);
> > -
> > -	self_ = this;
> > -}
> > -
> > -ProcessManager::~ProcessManager()
> > -{
> > -	sigaction(SIGCHLD, &oldsa_, NULL);
> > -
> > -	delete sigEvent_;
> > -
> > -	self_ = nullptr;
> > -}
> > -
> > -/**
> > - * \brief Retrieve the Process manager instance
> > - *
> > - * The ProcessManager is constructed by the CameraManager. This function shall
> > - * be used to retrieve the single instance of the manager.
> > - *
> > - * \return The Process manager instance
> > - */
> > -ProcessManager *ProcessManager::instance()
> > -{
> > -	return self_;
> > -}
> > -
> > -/**
> > - * \brief Retrieve the Process manager's write pipe
> > - *
> > - * This function is meant only to be used by the static signal handler.
> > - *
> > - * \return Pipe for writing
> > - */
> > -int ProcessManager::writePipe() const
> > -{
> > -	return pipe_[1].get();
> > -}
> > -
> > -/**
> > - * \brief Retrive the old signal action data
> > - *
> > - * This function is meant only to be used by the static signal handler.
> > - *
> > - * \return The old signal action data
> > - */
> > -const struct sigaction &ProcessManager::oldsa() const
> > -{
> > -	return oldsa_;
> > -}
> > -
> >  /**
> >   * \class Process
> >   * \brief Process object
> > @@ -218,6 +67,36 @@ Process::~Process()
> >  	/* \todo wait for child process to exit */
> >  }
> >
> > +namespace {
> > +
> > +void closeAllFdsExcept(Span<const int> fds)
> 
> Any particular reason not to keep this as a member function ?
> 
> > +{
> > +	std::vector<int> v(fds.begin(), fds.end());
> > +	sort(v.begin(), v.end());
> > +
> > +	DIR *dir = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
> > +	if (!dir)
> > +		return;
> > +
> > +	int dfd = dirfd(dir);
> > +
> > +	struct dirent *ent;
> > +	while ((ent = readdir(dir)) != nullptr) {
> > +		char *endp;
> > +		int fd = strtoul(ent->d_name, &endp, 10);
> > +		if (*endp)
> > +			continue;
> > +
> > +		if (fd >= 0 && fd != dfd &&
> > +		    !std::binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(), fd))
> > +			close(fd);
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	closedir(dir);
> > +}
> > +
> > +} /* namespace */
> > +
> >  /**
> >   * \brief Fork and exec a process, and close fds
> >   * \param[in] path Path to executable
> > @@ -235,104 +114,82 @@ Process::~Process()
> >   * or a negative error code otherwise
> >   */
> >  int Process::start(const std::string &path,
> > -		   const std::vector<std::string> &args,
> > -		   const std::vector<int> &fds)
> > +		   Span<const std::string> args,
> > +		   Span<const int> fds)
> >  {
> > -	int ret;
> > -
> >  	if (running_)
> >  		return 0;
> >
> > -	int childPid = fork();
> > -	if (childPid == -1) {
> > -		ret = -errno;
> > +	int pidfd;
> > +	::clone_args cargs = {};
> > +
> > +	cargs.flags = CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND | CLONE_PIDFD | CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNET;
> > +	cargs.pidfd = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&pidfd);
> > +	cargs.exit_signal = SIGCHLD;
> 
> Do we need to deliver SIGCHLD to the parent, now that we use the pidfd
> to be notified of termination of the child ?
> 
> > +
> > +	long childPid = ::syscall(SYS_clone3, &cargs, sizeof(cargs));
> > +	if (childPid < 0) {
> > +		int ret = -errno;
> >  		LOG(Process, Error) << "Failed to fork: " << strerror(-ret);
> 
> Maybe s/fork/clone/
> 
> >  		return ret;
> > -	} else if (childPid) {
> > -		pid_ = childPid;
> > -		ProcessManager::instance()->registerProcess(this);
> > +	}
> >
> > +	if (childPid) {
> >  		running_ = true;
> > +		pid_ = childPid;
> > +		pidfd_ = UniqueFD(pidfd);
> > +		pidfdNotify_ = std::make_unique<EventNotifier>(pidfd_.get(), EventNotifier::Type::Read);
> >
> > -		return 0;
> > -	} else {
> > -		if (isolate())
> > -			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > +		pidfdNotify_->activated.connect(this, [this] {
> > +			::siginfo_t info;
> > +
> > +			running_ = false;
> > +
> > +			if (::waitid(P_PIDFD, pidfd_.get(), &info, WNOHANG | WEXITED) >= 0) {
> > +				ASSERT(info.si_signo == SIGCHLD);
> 
> Is it worth checking this ? The man page tells si_signo is always set to
> SIGCHLD.
> 
> > +				ASSERT(info.si_pid == pid_);
> 
> Something would be seriously wrong if this assertion fails, I'm not sure
> it's needed.
> 
> > +
> > +				LOG(Process, Debug)
> > +					<< this << "[" << pid_ << ":" << pidfd_.get() << "] "
> > +					"code:" << info.si_code << " status:" << info.si_status;
> 
> Let's not split strings in the middle, and add missing spaces:
> 
> 					<< this << "[" << pid_ << ":" << pidfd_.get()
> 					<< "] code: " << info.si_code << " status: "
> 					<< info.si_status;
> 
> > +
> > +				exitStatus_ = info.si_code == CLD_EXITED ? Process::NormalExit : Process::SignalExit;
> > +				exitCode_ = info.si_code == CLD_EXITED ? info.si_status : -1;
> > +
> > +				finished.emit(exitStatus_, exitCode_);
> > +			} else {
> > +				int err = errno;
> > +				LOG(Process, Warning)
> > +					<< this << "[" << pid_ << ":" << pidfd_.get() << "] "
> > +					"waitid() failed: " << strerror(err);
> > +			}
> >
> > +			pid_ = -1;
> > +			pidfd_.reset();
> > +			pidfdNotify_.reset();
> 
> Could all this be a member function instead of a lambda please ? Using a
> lambda function make the code more difficult to read.
> 
> > +		});
> > +	} else {
> >  		closeAllFdsExcept(fds);
> >
> >  		const char *file = utils::secure_getenv("LIBCAMERA_LOG_FILE");
> >  		if (file && strcmp(file, "syslog"))
> >  			unsetenv("LIBCAMERA_LOG_FILE");
> >
> > -		const char **argv = new const char *[args.size() + 2];
> > -		unsigned int len = args.size();
> > +		const size_t len = args.size();
> > +		const char **argv = new const char *[len + 2];
> >  		argv[0] = path.c_str();
> > -		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++)
> > +		for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
> >  			argv[i + 1] = args[i].c_str();
> >  		argv[len + 1] = nullptr;
> >
> > -		execv(path.c_str(), (char **)argv);
> > +		execv(path.c_str(), const_cast<char * const *>(argv));
> 
> All of this could also be done in a separate patch for misc cleanups.
> 
> >
> >  		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> >  	}
> > -}
> > -
> > -void Process::closeAllFdsExcept(const std::vector<int> &fds)
> > -{
> > -	std::vector<int> v(fds);
> > -	sort(v.begin(), v.end());
> > -
> > -	DIR *dir = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
> > -	if (!dir)
> > -		return;
> > -
> > -	int dfd = dirfd(dir);
> > -
> > -	struct dirent *ent;
> > -	while ((ent = readdir(dir)) != nullptr) {
> > -		char *endp;
> > -		int fd = strtoul(ent->d_name, &endp, 10);
> > -		if (*endp)
> > -			continue;
> > -
> > -		if (fd >= 0 && fd != dfd &&
> > -		    !std::binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(), fd))
> > -			close(fd);
> > -	}
> > -
> > -	closedir(dir);
> > -}
> > -
> > -int Process::isolate()
> > -{
> > -	int ret = unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNET);
> > -	if (ret) {
> > -		ret = -errno;
> > -		LOG(Process, Error) << "Failed to unshare execution context: "
> > -				    << strerror(-ret);
> > -		return ret;
> > -	}
> >
> >  	return 0;
> >  }
> >
> > -/**
> > - * \brief SIGCHLD handler
> > - * \param[in] wstatus The status as output by waitpid()
> > - *
> > - * This function is called when the process associated with Process terminates.
> > - * It emits the Process::finished signal.
> > - */
> > -void Process::died(int wstatus)
> > -{
> > -	running_ = false;
> > -	exitStatus_ = WIFEXITED(wstatus) ? NormalExit : SignalExit;
> > -	exitCode_ = exitStatus_ == NormalExit ? WEXITSTATUS(wstatus) : -1;
> > -
> > -	finished.emit(exitStatus_, exitCode_);
> > -}
> > -
> >  /**
> >   * \fn Process::exitStatus()
> >   * \brief Retrieve the exit status of the process
> > @@ -368,8 +225,8 @@ void Process::died(int wstatus)
> >   */
> >  void Process::kill()
> >  {
> > -	if (pid_ > 0)
> > -		::kill(pid_, SIGKILL);
> > +	if (pidfd_.isValid())
> > +		::syscall(SYS_pidfd_send_signal, pidfd_.get(), SIGKILL, nullptr, 0);
> >  }
> >
> >  } /* namespace libcamera */
> > diff --git a/test/ipc/unixsocket_ipc.cpp b/test/ipc/unixsocket_ipc.cpp
> > index df7d9c2b4..f3e3c09ef 100644
> > --- a/test/ipc/unixsocket_ipc.cpp
> > +++ b/test/ipc/unixsocket_ipc.cpp
> > @@ -209,8 +209,6 @@ protected:
> >  	}
> >
> >  private:
> > -	ProcessManager processManager_;
> > -
> >  	unique_ptr<IPCPipeUnixSocket> ipc_;
> >  };
> >
> > diff --git a/test/log/log_process.cpp b/test/log/log_process.cpp
> > index 9609e23d5..367b78803 100644
> > --- a/test/log/log_process.cpp
> > +++ b/test/log/log_process.cpp
> > @@ -137,8 +137,6 @@ private:
> >  		exitCode_ = exitCode;
> >  	}
> >
> > -	ProcessManager processManager_;
> > -
> >  	Process proc_;
> >  	Process::ExitStatus exitStatus_ = Process::NotExited;
> >  	string logPath_;
> > diff --git a/test/process/process_test.cpp b/test/process/process_test.cpp
> > index e9f5e7e9b..75de9563c 100644
> > --- a/test/process/process_test.cpp
> > +++ b/test/process/process_test.cpp
> > @@ -87,8 +87,6 @@ private:
> >  		exitCode_ = exitCode;
> >  	}
> >
> > -	ProcessManager processManager_;
> > -
> >  	Process proc_;
> >  	enum Process::ExitStatus exitStatus_;
> >  	int exitCode_;
> 
> --
> Regards,
> 
> Laurent Pinchart
> 


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