[libcamera-devel] [PATCH v3 3/3] libcamera: camera: add state machine to control access from applications

Laurent Pinchart laurent.pinchart at ideasonboard.com
Thu Feb 28 22:39:47 CET 2019


Hi Niklas,

Thank you for the patch.

On Thu, Feb 28, 2019 at 07:51:26PM +0100, Niklas Söderlund wrote:
> There is a need to better control the order of operations an application
> performs on a camera for it to function correctly. Add a basic state
> machine to ensure applications perform operations on the camera in good
> order.
> 
> Internal to the Camera states are added; Available, Acquired,
> Configured, Prepared and Running. Each state represents a higher state
> of configuration of the camera ultimately leading to the highest state
> where the camera is capturing frames. Each state supports a subset of
> operations the application may perform.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Niklas Söderlund <niklas.soderlund at ragnatech.se>
> ---
>  include/libcamera/camera.h |  18 ++-
>  src/libcamera/camera.cpp   | 266 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
>  2 files changed, 238 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/libcamera/camera.h b/include/libcamera/camera.h
> index 9c8ae01ed5c607f1..e5212cf05d221279 100644
> --- a/include/libcamera/camera.h
> +++ b/include/libcamera/camera.h
> @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public:
>  	Signal<Camera *> disconnected;
>  
>  	int acquire();
> -	void release();
> +	int release();
>  
>  	const std::set<Stream *> &streams() const;
>  	std::map<Stream *, StreamConfiguration>
> @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public:
>  	int configureStreams(std::map<Stream *, StreamConfiguration> &config);
>  
>  	int allocateBuffers();
> -	void freeBuffers();
> +	int freeBuffers();
>  
>  	Request *createRequest();
>  	int queueRequest(Request *request);
> @@ -56,20 +56,30 @@ public:
>  	int stop();
>  
>  private:
> +	enum State {
> +		CameraAvailable,
> +		CameraAcquired,
> +		CameraConfigured,
> +		CameraPrepared,
> +		CameraRunning,
> +	};
> +
>  	Camera(PipelineHandler *pipe, const std::string &name);
>  	~Camera();
>  
> +	bool stateBetween(State low, State high) const;
> +	bool stateIs(State state) const;
> +
>  	friend class PipelineHandler;
>  	void disconnect();
> -	int exclusiveAccess();
>  
>  	std::shared_ptr<PipelineHandler> pipe_;
>  	std::string name_;
>  	std::set<Stream *> streams_;
>  	std::set<Stream *> activeStreams_;
>  
> -	bool acquired_;
>  	bool disconnected_;
> +	State state_;
>  };
>  
>  } /* namespace libcamera */
> diff --git a/src/libcamera/camera.cpp b/src/libcamera/camera.cpp
> index 84b97b5c2ce94ecf..0b06c0d838b356f3 100644
> --- a/src/libcamera/camera.cpp
> +++ b/src/libcamera/camera.cpp
> @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
>  
>  #include "log.h"
>  #include "pipeline_handler.h"
> +#include "utils.h"
>  
>  /**
>   * \file camera.h
> @@ -42,6 +43,9 @@ LOG_DECLARE_CATEGORY(Camera)
>   * \class Camera
>   * \brief Camera device
>   *
> + * \todo Add documentation for camera start timings. What exactly does the
> + * camera expect the pipeline handler to do when start() is called?
> + *
>   * The Camera class models a camera capable of producing one or more image
>   * streams from a single image source. It provides the main interface to
>   * configuring and controlling the device, and capturing image streams. It is
> @@ -52,6 +56,78 @@ LOG_DECLARE_CATEGORY(Camera)
>   * created with the create() function which returns a shared pointer. The
>   * Camera constructors and destructor are private, to prevent instances from
>   * being constructed and destroyed manually.
> + *
> + * \section camera_operation Operating the Camera
> + *
> + * An application needs to perform a sequence of operations on a camera before
> + * it is ready to process requests. The camera needs to be acquired, configured
> + * and resources allocated or imported to prepare the camera for capture. Once
> + * started the camera can process requests until it is stopped. When an
> + * application is done with a camera all resources allocated needs to be freed

s/needs/need/

> + * and the camera released.
> + *
> + * An application may start and stop a camera multiple times as long as it is
> + * not released. The camera may also be reconfigured provided that all
> + * resources allocated are freed prior to the reconfiguration.
> + *
> + * \subsection Camera States
> + *
> + * To help manage the sequence of operations needed to control the camera a set
> + * of states are defined. Each state describes which operations may be performed
> + * on the camera. Operations not listed in the state diagram are allowed in all
> + * states.
> + *
> + * \dot
> + * digraph camera_state_machine {
> + *   node [shape = doublecircle ]; Available;
> + *   node [shape = circle ]; Acquired;
> + *   node [shape = circle ]; Configured;
> + *   node [shape = circle ]; Prepared;
> + *   node [shape = circle ]; Running;
> + *
> + *   Available -> Available [label = "release()"];
> + *   Available -> Acquired [label = "acquire()"];
> + *
> + *   Acquired -> Available [label = "release()"];
> + *   Acquired -> Configured [label = "configureStreams()"];
> + *
> + *   Configured -> Available [label = "release()"];
> + *   Configured -> Configured [label = "configureStreams()"];
> + *   Configured -> Prepared [label = "allocateBuffers()"];
> + *
> + *   Prepared -> Configured [label = "freeBuffers()"];
> + *   Prepared -> Prepared [label = "createRequest()"];
> + *   Prepared -> Running [label = "start()"];
> + *
> + *   Running -> Prepared [label = "stop()"];
> + *   Running -> Running [label = "createRequest(), queueRequest()"];
> + * }
> + * \enddot
> + *
> + * \subsubsection Available
> + * The base state of a camera, an application can inspect the properties of the
> + * camera to determine if it wishes to use it. If an application wishes to use
> + * a camera it should acquire() it to proceed to the Acquired state.
> + *
> + * \subsubsection Acquired
> + * In the acquired state an application has exclusive access to the camera and
> + * may modify the camera's parameters to configure it and proceed to the
> + * Configured state.
> + *
> + * \subsubsection Configured
> + * The camera is configured and ready for the application to prepare it with
> + * resources. The camera may be reconfigured multiple times until resources
> + * are provided and the state progresses to Prepared.
> + *
> + * \subsubsection Prepared
> + * The camera has been configured and provided with resources and is ready to be
> + * started. The application may free the camera's resources to get back to the
> + * Configured state or start it to progress to the Running state.

s/start/start()/

> + *
> + * \subsubsection Running
> + * The camera is running and ready to process requests queued by the
> + * application. The camera remains in this state until it is stopped and moved
> + * to the Prepared state.
>   */
>  
>  /**
> @@ -116,17 +192,55 @@ const std::string &Camera::name() const
>   */
>  
>  Camera::Camera(PipelineHandler *pipe, const std::string &name)
> -	: pipe_(pipe->shared_from_this()), name_(name), acquired_(false),
> -	  disconnected_(false)
> +	: pipe_(pipe->shared_from_this()), name_(name), disconnected_(false),
> +	  state_(CameraAvailable)
>  {
>  }
>  
>  Camera::~Camera()
>  {
> -	if (acquired_)
> +	if (!stateIs(CameraAvailable))
>  		LOG(Camera, Error) << "Removing camera while still in use";
>  }
>  
> +static const char *const camera_state_name[] = {

Maybe camera_state_names ?

> +	"Available",
> +	"Acquired",
> +	"Configured",
> +	"Prepared",
> +	"Running",
> +};
> +
> +bool Camera::stateBetween(State low, State high) const
> +{
> +	if (state_ >= low && state_ <= high)
> +		return true;
> +
> +	ASSERT(static_cast<unsigned int>(low) < ARRAY_SIZE(camera_state_name) &&
> +	       static_cast<unsigned int>(high) < ARRAY_SIZE(camera_state_name));
> +
> +	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Camera in " << camera_state_name[state_]
> +			   << " state trying operation requiring state between "
> +			   << camera_state_name[low] << " and "
> +			   << camera_state_name[high];
> +
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
> +bool Camera::stateIs(State state) const
> +{
> +	if (state_ == state)
> +		return true;
> +
> +	ASSERT(static_cast<unsigned int>(state) < ARRAY_SIZE(camera_state_name));
> +
> +	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Camera in " << camera_state_name[state_]
> +			   << " state trying operation requiring state "
> +			   << camera_state_name[state];
> +
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
>  /**
>   * \brief Notify camera disconnection
>   *
> @@ -135,11 +249,24 @@ Camera::~Camera()
>   * instance notifies the application by emitting the #disconnected signal, and
>   * ensures that all new calls to the application-facing Camera API return an
>   * error immediately.
> + *
> + * \todo: Deal with pending requests if the camera is disconnected in a
> + * running state.
> + * \todo: Update comment about Running state when importing buffers as well as
> + * allocating them are supported.

No need for colons after any of the \todo tags.

>   */
>  void Camera::disconnect()
>  {
>  	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Disconnecting camera " << name_;
>  
> +	/*
> +	 * If the camera was running when the hardware was removed force the
> +	 * state to Prepared to allow applications to call freeBuffers() and
> +	 * release() before deleting the camera.
> +	 */
> +	if (state_ == CameraRunning)
> +		state_ = CameraPrepared;
> +
>  	disconnected_ = true;
>  	disconnected.emit(this);
>  }
> @@ -155,16 +282,24 @@ void Camera::disconnect()
>   * Once exclusive access isn't needed anymore, the device should be released
>   * with a call to the release() function.
>   *
> + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.

s/effects/affects/ (through the whole file)

> + *
>   * \todo Implement exclusive access across processes.
>   *
>   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> + * \retval -EBUSY The camera is not free and can't be acquired by the caller
>   */
>  int Camera::acquire()
>  {
> -	if (acquired_)
> +	if (disconnected_)
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
> +	if (!stateIs(CameraAvailable))
>  		return -EBUSY;
>  
> -	acquired_ = true;
> +	state_ = CameraAcquired;
> +
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> @@ -173,10 +308,20 @@ int Camera::acquire()
>   *
>   * Releasing the camera device allows other users to acquire exclusive access
>   * with the acquire() function.
> + *
> + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> + *
> + * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> + * \retval -EBUSY The camera is running and can't be released
>   */
> -void Camera::release()
> +int Camera::release()
>  {
> -	acquired_ = false;
> +	if (!stateBetween(CameraAvailable, CameraConfigured))
> +		return -EBUSY;
> +
> +	state_ = CameraAvailable;
> +
> +	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  /**
> @@ -235,18 +380,22 @@ Camera::streamConfiguration(std::set<Stream *> &streams)
>   * Exclusive access to the camera shall be ensured by a call to acquire() prior
>   * to calling this function, otherwise an -EACCES error will be returned.
>   *
> + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> + *
>   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> - * \retval -ENODEV The camera is not connected to any hardware
> - * \retval -EACCES The user has not acquired exclusive access to the camera
> + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not in a state where it can be configured
>   * \retval -EINVAL The configuration is not valid
>   */
>  int Camera::configureStreams(std::map<Stream *, StreamConfiguration> &config)
>  {
>  	int ret;
>  
> -	ret = exclusiveAccess();
> -	if (ret)
> -		return ret;
> +	if (disconnected_)
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
> +	if (!stateBetween(CameraAvailable, CameraConfigured))
> +		return -EACCES;
>  
>  	if (!config.size()) {
>  		LOG(Camera, Error)
> @@ -273,20 +422,28 @@ int Camera::configureStreams(std::map<Stream *, StreamConfiguration> &config)
>  		stream->bufferPool().createBuffers(cfg.bufferCount);
>  	}
>  
> +	state_ = CameraConfigured;
> +
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  /**
>   * \brief Allocate buffers for all configured streams
> + *
> + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> + *
>   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not in a state where buffers can be allocated
> + * \retval -EINVAL The configuration is not valid
>   */
>  int Camera::allocateBuffers()
>  {
> -	int ret;
> +	if (disconnected_)
> +		return -ENODEV;
>  
> -	ret = exclusiveAccess();
> -	if (ret)
> -		return ret;
> +	if (!stateIs(CameraConfigured))
> +		return -EACCES;
>  
>  	if (activeStreams_.empty()) {
>  		LOG(Camera, Error)
> @@ -295,7 +452,7 @@ int Camera::allocateBuffers()
>  	}
>  
>  	for (Stream *stream : activeStreams_) {
> -		ret = pipe_->allocateBuffers(this, stream);
> +		int ret = pipe_->allocateBuffers(this, stream);
>  		if (ret) {
>  			LOG(Camera, Error) << "Failed to allocate buffers";
>  			freeBuffers();
> @@ -303,14 +460,24 @@ int Camera::allocateBuffers()
>  		}
>  	}
>  
> +	state_ = CameraPrepared;
> +
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  /**
>   * \brief Release all buffers from allocated pools in each stream
> + *
> + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> + *
> + * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not in a state where buffers can be freed
>   */
> -void Camera::freeBuffers()
> +int Camera::freeBuffers()
>  {
> +	if (!stateIs(CameraPrepared))
> +		return -EACCES;
> +
>  	for (Stream *stream : activeStreams_) {
>  		if (!stream->bufferPool().count())
>  			continue;
> @@ -318,6 +485,10 @@ void Camera::freeBuffers()
>  		pipe_->freeBuffers(this, stream);
>  		stream->bufferPool().destroyBuffers();
>  	}
> +
> +	state_ = CameraConfigured;
> +
> +	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  /**
> @@ -333,7 +504,7 @@ void Camera::freeBuffers()
>   */
>  Request *Camera::createRequest()

Should you update the documentation of this function ?

Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart at ideasonboard.com>

>  {
> -	if (exclusiveAccess())
> +	if (disconnected_ || !stateBetween(CameraPrepared, CameraRunning))
>  		return nullptr;
>  
>  	return new Request(this);
> @@ -351,16 +522,18 @@ Request *Camera::createRequest()
>   * automatically after it completes.
>   *
>   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not running so requests can't be queued
>   */
>  int Camera::queueRequest(Request *request)
>  {
> -	int ret;
> +	if (disconnected_)
> +		return -ENODEV;
>  
> -	ret = exclusiveAccess();
> -	if (ret)
> -		return ret;
> +	if (!stateIs(CameraRunning))
> +		return -EACCES;
>  
> -	ret = request->prepare();
> +	int ret = request->prepare();
>  	if (ret) {
>  		LOG(Camera, Error) << "Failed to prepare request";
>  		return ret;
> @@ -376,17 +549,29 @@ int Camera::queueRequest(Request *request)
>   * can queue requests to the camera to process and return to the application
>   * until the capture session is terminated with \a stop().
>   *
> + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> + *
>   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not in a state where it can be started
>   */
>  int Camera::start()
>  {
> -	int ret = exclusiveAccess();
> -	if (ret)
> -		return ret;
> +	if (disconnected_)
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
> +	if (!stateIs(CameraPrepared))
> +		return -EACCES;
>  
>  	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Starting capture";
>  
> -	return pipe_->start(this);
> +	int ret = pipe_->start(this);
> +	if (ret)
> +		return ret;
> +
> +	state_ = CameraRunning;
> +
> +	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  /**
> @@ -395,30 +580,27 @@ int Camera::start()
>   * This method stops capturing and processing requests immediately. All pending
>   * requests are cancelled and complete synchronously in an error state.
>   *
> + * This function effects the state of the camera, see \ref camera_operation.
> + *
>   * \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
> + * \retval -ENODEV The camera has been disconnected from the system
> + * \retval -EACCES The camera is not running so can't be stopped
>   */
>  int Camera::stop()
>  {
> -	int ret = exclusiveAccess();
> -	if (ret)
> -		return ret;
> +	if (disconnected_)
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
> +	if (!stateIs(CameraRunning))
> +		return -EACCES;
>  
>  	LOG(Camera, Debug) << "Stopping capture";
>  
> +	state_ = CameraPrepared;
> +
>  	pipe_->stop(this);
>  
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> -int Camera::exclusiveAccess()
> -{
> -	if (disconnected_)
> -		return -ENODEV;
> -
> -	if (!acquired_)
> -		return -EACCES;
> -
> -	return 0;
> -}
> -
>  } /* namespace libcamera */

-- 
Regards,

Laurent Pinchart


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